Biofeedback

What are the instruments used in Biofeedback?
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    THE 5 SUB-MODALITIES IN BIOFEEDBACK

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    Generally speaking Biofeedback can be divided into 5 Sub-modalities:
    • EMG
    • Thermal
    • GSR
    • Neurofeedback ( Also called EEG Biofeedback)
    • Pelvic Muscle Dysfunction : Pelvic Muscle Dysfunction Biofeedback (PMDB) encompasses elimination disorders and chronic pelvic pain syndromes. 
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    INSTRUMENTS AND DEVICES USED IN BIOFEEDBACK

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    Instruments/Devices used in Biofeedback:
    • ​Electromyograph : Detects Muscle action potential / Muscle contraction or activity
    • Feedback thermometer : Detects Skin temperature
    • Electrodermograph : Detects sweat gland activity on the skin
    • Electroencephalograph : Measures Neurofeedback (Brain activity)
    • Photoplethysmograph : Measures Heartbeat and Heart Rate Variability
    • Electrocardiogram : Measures Heartbeat and Heart Rate Variability
    • Pneumograph :  Measures Respiration Rate (Any Dysfunctional breathing patterns like clavicular breathing, reverse breathing, thoracic breathing, apnea, gasping, sighing, wheezing)
    • Capnometer : Measures the quality of patient's breathing by measuring the amount of Carbon Dioxide exhaled.
    • Rheoencephalograph : Measures blood flow to the different parts of the brain
    • Hemoencephalography : Measures the level of oxygenated and unoxygenated blood in the brain
    • Air filled cushion : During exercise measures pressure
    Not every practititoner uses each device / instrument. Depending on their specialty and sub-specialty they may focus on or more areas.